Type-writing machine.



A. A. JOHNSON.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. 1916- Patented Feb. 6,1 917.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. II, 1916.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

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APPLICATION FILED NOV. 11. I916.

Patented Feb. 6', 1917.

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Q 25 the omitted letter. r I mechanically hold the carriage 1n saidflARTHUR A. JoHN-son or' NEW'YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO- UNnERwoonIklni-f iED STATES PATENT "V'RITER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OFDELAWARE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 6, 1917.

Application filed November 11,1916. Serial No. 130,696.

I '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it'known that I, ARTHUR A. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States,residing in borough of the Bronx, in the county of the 5 Bronx, city andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements-inType-\Vriting Machines, of Which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to means for setting back the powerfdri'vencarriage of a typewriting machine, to permit the printing of a characterinv a space already passed.

The omission is usually detected directly after the character followingthe omitted character has been printed and the carriage has spaced, thusleaving the typewriter carriage one and one-half spaces away from theposition at which the omitted character should be printed. I therefore,in backspacing for this purpose, move the carriage back through one andone-half spaces, and

' set it there, so that. with a single operation the carriage isquickly,accurately and conveniently positioned for the insertion ofback-spaced position while the omitted charactor is inserted.

I disconnect the carriage from part of the escapement mechanism duringthe entire back-spacing operation, so that. the escapement mechanism maynot interfere with the resumption by the carriage of the previouslyoccupied position. lt is to be noted 5 that this device may not only beused for inserting characters, but also for other purposes, forinstance, for joining characters together.

Should the error be detected after several 0 letters have been printed,the proper place f-or the insertion may be reached by using 'first theusual back-space mechanism, and then the present device for back-spacingone and one-half spaces.

My improved back-space mechanism may comprise a key at the. key-board ofthe machine, which may be connected 1] a link or other suitableconnections. to a pawl adapted to engage and raise a rack connected tothe.

carriage and normally engaging the pinion of the escapement mechanism,so as to free the carriage from said escapement mechanism. .After therack is raised to its highest extent, the pawl moves longitudinally ofthe machine under the influence of said key,

'height.

position.

so as to backspace the carriage. The pawl may be arranged to slide on aguide and to be held by said guide locked to the rack, in elevatedposition during its entire longitudinal movement, and said guide may beprovided with a. stop for limiting said movement. This guide-piece maybe also used to hold the pawl against said longitudinal movement, untilthe pawl reaches the proper A latch may be provided for holding the pawlin this position. This latching mechanism, while in its effectiveposition, is adapted to be operated, by the depression of the key thatprints the omitted character. Thus the carriage is caused to move underthe influence of its drivingspring, to the point at which itstood'before the backspace operation took place.

Means may be provided'forholding the movable parts of the escapementmechanism in proper position, while this action is tak-I ing place, thusinsuring the proper repositioning of the carriage, when released by saidlatch.

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of-an Underwood typew-riting machine,showing my in-' vention as applied thereto.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of my invention as applied to said machine,looking at the opposite side from that shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the. same.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary perspective View showing my invention asassociated with the escapement mechanism and carriage of an Underwoodtypewriting machine.

Fig. 5 is a rear elevation showing the parts in normal positions. Fig. 6is thesamc as Fig.5, showing the parts with the backspace mechanismoperated and the carriage held in a back-spaced 10 Fig. 7 is the same asFig.5 showing the parts after the key, printing the omitted character.has been depressed and before s said key is released.

In an Underwood typewriting machine, the carriage 11, carrying theplaten" 12 and traveling on rails 13 and 14;, is propelled inletter-feed direction by a spring barrel 15, connected by a strap 16.The carriage is connected to an escapement mechanism by no drive theescapement wheel in one direction,

by means of pawls 23, secured to said escapement wheel and engaging saidbinion. The escapement' wheel is normally held against movement by a dog24, pivotally mounted on a rocker 25.

When a type key 26 is depressed, the type-bar 27, through theinterponent 28,

is moved upwardly and rearwardly, so as to strike against the front faceof the platen. A. lug 29 on the type-bar moves a universal bar 30rearwardly. The uni versal bar is pivotally mounted upon a rod 31,connected to arms 32, which are pivoted to the frame 33 at 34. -Aportion 35 of the universal bar engages and operates the escapementrocker 25, so as to move a fixed dog 36 thereon into the path of theescapement wheel 22, and freeing the loose dog from the escapementwheel. The loose dog is then moved by its spring 37 to a positionopposite the next tooth or space of the escapeinent wheel. Vhen the typekey is released, and the type returns to normal position, the universalbar is returned to normal.

position by its spring 38, thus allowing the spring 37 of the loose dog24 to rock the dog rocker, so as to move said loose dog into and thefixed dog 36 out of engagement with the escapement wheel. Thus thecarriage is free to be drawn by its spring drum 15 one step inletter-teed direction.

The usual back-space mechanism, illustrated in the accompanyingdri'iwings, is shown and described in the patent to Hel- 'mond, 930,962,to which attention is directed for a comprehensive understanding ofsaithmeclianisiii. At Figs. 1 and 3, it will be seen that the back-spacekey 39 is pivoted in brackets 40, and is secured to a rock shaft 41,having an arm 42 extending therefrom. This arm is connected with a link43, which is connected at its uppern'iost end to a pawl 4.4, adapted toenter and engage the rack 17. This pawl 44 is pivotally mounted on anarm 45, so that i'vhen the back-space key 39 is'depressed (thusdepressing the link43), the pawl 44 is rocked with said arm, so as tomove into engagement with the rack 17 The pawl '44 is held againstmovement until direction.

23 engage the adjacent teeth on the pinion, and the escapement dogsprevent the wheel from turning, thus holding the carriage in itsback-spaced position, as usual. Then a character key is next depressed,the 'es capement mechanism operates in the usual manner.

To back-space one and one-half spaces, 1 provide a special key 49 at thekey-board of the machine, and secured to a rock shaft 50, mounted onbrackets 51, and Provided with an arm 52, to which is connected a link53, extending upwardly and rearwardly, and connected at its uppermostend to an arm 54 of a new back-spacing pawl 55.

The pawl 55 is 'pivotally mounted on an arm 56, and is provided witha-portion adapted, when raised, toengage the rack 17 between the teeth57, and move the same about its pivot 19, until the rack strikes a stop58 on the carriage frame, thus disconnecting the rack from the pinion 20of the escapeinent mechanism. The pawl 55 has a tooth portion to 'engagethe teeth on the rack, and to hold the carriage against movement inletter-feed direction. The rack, having thus been disconnected from theescapement pinion 20, permits the backward movement of the carriage bythe pawl 55. The arm 56, carrying the pawl 55, is pivoted at 59 on abracket 60, secured to the framework 33; and the arm 54 of the pawl isbent to extend to the side of the pivot point 59, so that the continueddownward movement of the link 53 moves-the arm 56 with the pawl 55 andthe carriage inanti-letterfeed direction.

The normal tendencyof the link 53, when operated, is to swing the pawlwith the arm 56 about itspivot 59; but this pivotal action must not takeplace until the pawl 55 properly engages and moves the rack out ofengagement with the pinion 20. To insure this proper movement of thepawl 55 and arm 56, I provide a guide-pieco 61 on the bracket 60,against which the pawl normally lies, so that the longitudinal movementof the pawl is Pl' (3''0IltC(lllI1tll said pawl reaches l v a horizontalsurface 62 of said guide, which said guide, locked to the rack, thusmoving the typewriter carriage in anti-letter-feed To limit the movementof the pawl and carriage in this direction, the guide (51 is providedwith a stop-piece 63.

To relieve the operator of the necessity'ot :manually retaining thecarriage in this position, and to insure that the carriage is in theproper position when the omitted character is being printed, a lock isprovided to hold the pawl. This lock comprises a latch 64, pivotallymounted upon an arm 65, pivoted to the frame of the machine, and

normally spring-pressedupward by a spring 66.' Thearrangement is suchthat, when the pawl moves along the horizontal section 62 of theguide-piece, the latch 64 is cammed down by said pawl until the lockingnotch thereof is opposite the pawl, atwhich time 'in the form of abell-crank 67, pivoted to the frame of the machine, and comprising anarm 68 having a cam surface 69 thereon, adapted to coiiperate with a camsurface 70 on an arm 71, secured to the universal bar,

so as to be operated by said cam surface 70 when brought intocoiiperative relation therewith. The bell-crank 67, beingprovided with aspring '72 secured thereto, and bearing against pins 73 on the frame,tends to move to this coiiperative position, but is normally heldtherefrom, as seen in Fig. 6,

' by the pawl 55 resting on the arm 65, connected to an arm 74 of thebell-crank, by a link 75. When, however, the pawl is raised by thedepression of the back-space key 49, the arm is permitted to be movedupwardly by the spring 72, connected to the bell-crank, thus causing thebell-crank to be' moved into coiiperative relation with the arm 71 onthe universal bar, as shown in Fig. 6. When operated by the lug of thetype-bar, the universal bar is moved backwardly, thus causing the camsurface thereon to cam against the surface 69 of the bell-crank, whichcauses the bell-crank to be rocked to a position shown in Fig. 7. The

' arm 65, carrying the latch 64, moves up wardly against the tension ofthe spring 66. This causes the latch 64 to be depressed by a pin 76 onthe bracket, and the latch to become disengaged from the pawl 55.

As the type impression has not yet been made, the carriage must not beentirely released; therefore, provision is made for detaining thecarriage in proper position until after the type impression has beenmade.

, For this purpose, the arm 65 is made in the arm of a latch at 77,which is moved into ositionto engage the pawl 55, while the )i'votedlatch 64 is moved toineffective posi- -ion. When the latch 64 is somoved, the arriage is permitted to advance slightly under the influenceof its spring drmn 15, o cause the pawl 55 to move past the lockgposition of said latch, so that as the key s released and the bell-crankand arm 65 .iove under the influence of the spring 7 2 moving the latchportion of the arm 65' rei ngaged with the latch, and will move underthe influence of the spring barrel 15, to original position.

From the foregoing, it will. be seen that when the new back-space keyisdepressed, the first action that takes place is the dis engaging of therack of the carriage from the escapement mechanism by the pawl 55. Thensaid pawl moves with'the carriage longitudinally, thus back-spacing thecar riage and being held locked to the carriage by the guide 61. Thecarriage and pawl are then held inthis position by the latch 64, themovement of the. pawl meanwhile permitting the movement of theinterponent 67.into eoiiperative relation with the cam on the universalbar. The key for printing the omitted character'is then depressed, thuscausing the universal bar to move and operate the interponent 67. Thiscauses the carriage to escape from the latch 64 and to be universal barto recede, and'thus permitting the interponent, through the spring 72,to withdraw the latch portion 77 of the arm 65 from the pawl 55.The'pawl and carriage are then permitted to be moved by thespring drum15, until the army carrying the pawl is engaged bya pin 78 on the frame.The pawl reaches the 'end of the guide 61, and is moved down-by aspirng79 connected to the new backspace key, and the rack is permitted toreengage the pinion 20 of the escape'ment mechanism.

It will be under stood that the carriage is moved backwardly slightlymore than one and one-half spaces by the depression of the back-spacekey 49, so that after esnism for the carriage, while the carriageisdisconnected from its ordinary letter-feed escap'ement mechanism.

Ordinarily, when the carriage-feeding rack 17 is moved out of engagementwith the pinion 20 of the escapement' mechanism, the spring 37, normallytending to move the loose doggy-24 (engaging the "escapement wheel),would rotate said wheel in counter-clockwise direction,- as seen in Fig.3, due to the fact that the tension of the spring drum 15, on the rackand pinion has been released. If this movement of the eseapement,-.-wheel were permitted, the rack,

upon subsequent ren'gagement with the pinion (permitted by thedescending pawl 55), would cause said escapement wheel to be rotateduntil the loose dog 24 strikes its stop. This movement would cause thecarriage to space one-step in advance of the place at which theback-space operation began. This would be objectionable, for it isdesired to have the carriage, when released from its back-spaceposition, move to the original point.

To overcome this difficulty, I provide a dog 80, pivoted to the frame at81, and normally pressed by a spring 82, into engagement with the teethof the escapement wheel. This dog prevents the escapement wheel frommovingunder the influence of the spring 37 of the loose dog 2%.

It will be remembered that when a key is depressed, the escapement dogsare rocked to permit the loose dogto be disengaged from the escapementwheel, and to be moved by the spring 3'? to. a position opposite thenext tooth on the escapement wheel. This causes the loose dog, whenagain rocked into engagement with the next wheel, to permit theescapement wheel to move one letterclaim space distance. This samemovement would take place by the key printing the omitted character"when the carriage is back-spaced, and woulil result in the carriage,being repositioned one-space in' advance of the proper place; if nomeans to prevent this were employed. Therefore, I provide means forpermitting the carriage to be correctly positioned, upon release of thenew backspace mechanism. To do this, the bellcrank (37, which forms aninterponent between the universal bar and the back-space mechanism, isprovided with an arm 83, adapted-to move into cooperative relation withthe loose escapement dog 24, when the back-spacer is operated.

The arm 83 is provided with ,a projection or lug, adapted to engage andhold the loose dog against movement while disengaged from the escapementwheel, and brought into operation when the carriage is backspaced. Then,when the key printing the omitted character is released, the loose dogwill rei ngage the same tooth on the escapement wheel with which it hadbeen engaged. It will be seen that not only is the escapement mechanismdisconnected from the carriage at the back-space operation, but it isalso held against such movement as would cause the carriage to beimproperly repositioned on the conclusion of the. back-space operation.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, andportions of the iu'iprovements may be used without others.

Having thus described my invention, I

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of meansfor causletter-spaces from the original position,

means for temporarily holding the carriage repositioned, and means forreleasing the carriage when held by said holding means.

3. In a typewriting machine, the comb nation with a carriage and.escapeme "l mechanism therefor, of keys operating the.

escapement mechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-spacedistances step by step in one direction, means for repositioning thecarriage one and a fraction letter spaces, means for temporarily holdingthe carriage repositioned, and means controlled by said keys forreleasing the carriage from said holding means, to allow the carriage tomove to original position.

4:. In a typewriting machine, the combine, tion with a carriage andescapement mechaanism therefor, of keys operating the escape mentmechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step bystep in one direction, key-operated means for repositioning the carriageto a position one and a frac tion letter-spaces from original position,mechanical means for temporarily holding the carriage repositioned, andmeans operated by the depression of a key for releas ing the carriagefrom said holding means.

5. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage andescapement mechanism therefor, of keys operating the es 1 capementmechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step bystep in one direction, means adapted to disconnect the carriage from theescapement mechanism and to reposition the carriage one and a fractionletter-spaces from original position, and means for holding theescapement mechanism against movement, while the carriage and escapementmechanism are means for holding the escapement mechanism againstmovement, while the carriage and escapement mechanism are thusdiseonnected, and means for holding the carriage and escapementmechanism disconnected, and also the carriage repositioned.

7. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage andescapement mechanism therefor, of keys operating the escapementmechanism to cause the carriage to feed letter-space distances step bystep in one direction, means adapted to-disconnect the carriage from theescapement mechanism and to reposition the carriage one and a fractionletter-spaces'from original position, means for holding .the escapementmechanism against movement while the carriage and escapement mechanismare thus disconnected, means for holding the carriage and escapementmechanism disconnected and also the carriage repositioned, and means forreleasing said last named holding means, and for releasing the holdingmeans of the escapement mechanism.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of anescapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step, atletterspace intervals, to printing position, means including aback-spacing pawl for repositioning the carriage to a printing position,between the ordinary let tor-space intervals, and means to engage saidpawl and latch the same for retaining the carriage in this position.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage. of anescapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step at,letter-space intervals, to printing position, means for repositioningthe carriage to a printing position, between the ordinary letter-spaceintervals, means for retaining the carriage in this position, and meansfor releasing the carriage when thus retained.

10. In a typewriting machine, thecombi nation with a carriage, ofan'escapement mechanism for feeding the carriage step by step, at l.-tter-space intervals, to printing position, printing keys controllingsaid escapement mechanism, means for repositioning the carriage to aprinting position between the ordinary letter-space intervals,

means for retaining the carriage in this position, and means controlledby said printing keys, for releasing'the carriage from said retainingmeans tocause the carriage to move to original position.

11. In a, typewriting machine,-' the combination with a carriage, ofescapement mechanism therefor, printing devices adapted to operate saidescapement mechanism,whereby the carriage is letter-spaced, and keyoperated means for causing the carriage to be moved in a reversedirection suliiciently at a single stroke to permit the printing of acharacter, between the character last printed and the precedingcharacter; provision being made for returning said carriageautomatically to original position at a single step after being releasedfrom said key-operated means' 12. In a typewriting' machine, thecombination with a carriage, of escapement mechanism therefor, printingdevices adapted to operate said escapement mechanism,-

whereby the carriage is letterspaced, key"- operated means for causingthe carriage to be moved iii a reverse direction, to permit the printingofa character, between the character last printed and the precedingcharacter, and means operated by the printing of said character whilethe carriage is in said position for causing the carriage to move to theposition occupied before being moved by the last-mentioned means.

.13. In a typewriting machine, the -combination with a carriage andescapement mechanism therefor, of printing devices, a universal baroperated by said printing devices and adapted to operate said escapementmechanism, back-space mechanism for said carriage adapted to disconnectthe carriage from the escapement mechanism and reposition the carriage,and auxiliary escapement mechanism adapted to control the carriage whenso back-spaced.

14. Ina typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage andescapement mechanism therefor, of printing devices, a universal baroperated by said {printing devices and adapted to operate said escapement mechanism, back-space mechanism for said carriage adapted todisconnect the car riage from the escapement mechanism and repositionthe carriage, and auxiliary escapement'mechanism adapted to control thecarriage when so back-spaced, said auxiliary escapement mechanism beingalso controlled by the universal bar.

15. In a typewriting inaclii ne, the combivices -and adapted to operatesaid escape-- nent meclumism, back-space mechanism for said carnage,adapted to disconnect the carriage from the escapement mechanism andreposition the carriage, auxiliary escape mentmechanism adapted tocontrol the canriage ,when 'soback-sp ieed, the auxiliary escapementmechanism also controlled by the rack out of engagementwith said pinionto permit the repositioning movement of the carriage independently ofthe movement of the escapement mechanism.

18. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rackconnected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted tobe engaged by said rack, a back space pawl adapted to lift the rack outof engagement with said pinion to permit the repositioning movement ofthe carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism,and means formoving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-letter-feed direction.

19. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rackconnectedthereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted tobeengag'ed by said rack, a backspace pawl adapted to lift the rack outof engagement with said pinion to permit the repositioning movement ofthe carriage independently of the movement of the escapementmechanism,means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinallyin an anti-letter-feed direction, and means for preventing saidmovement, until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected.

20. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rackconnected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted tobe engaged by said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack outof engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movement ofthe carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism,means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-letter-fecd direction, means for preventing said movement until therack and pinion are entirely disconnected, and means for holding saidrack and pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of.said rack, controlled by said pawl. I

21. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of a rackconnected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adapted tobe engaged by said rack, 'a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack outof engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movement ofthe carriage independently of the movement of the escapement, mechanism,means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-letter-feed direction, means for preventing said movement until therack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding said rackand pinion disconnected during the entire longitudinal movement of saidrack, controlled by said pawl, and a stop for limiting said longitudinalmovement.

22. I11 a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of arack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adaptedto be engaged bysaid rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rackout of engagement with said pinion, to permit the repositioning movementof the carriage independently of the movement of the escapementmechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriagelongitudinally in an anti-letter feed direction, means for preventingsaid movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, meansfor holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entirelongitudinal movement of said rack controlled by said pawl, a stop forlimiting said longitudinal movement, and a dog adapted to engage andhold said pawl when thus moved longitudinally.

23. In a tyqpewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, of arack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adaptedto be engaged by said rack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rackout of engagement with said pinion, to per mit the repositioningmovement of the carriage independently of the movement of the escapementmechanism, means for moving said pawl to move the carriagelongitudinally in an anti-letter-feed direction, means for preventingsaid movement until the rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, meansfor holding said rack and pinion disconnected during the entirelongitudinal movement of said rack controlled by said pawl, a stop forlimiting said longitudinal movement, adog adapted to engage and holdsaid pawl when thus moved longitudinally, and means for releasing thepawl from said dog, and for reengaging saidpawl with another dog.

24.. In a type/writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of arack connected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion adaptedto be engaged by said rack, universal bar, a back-space pawl adapted tolift the rack out of engagement with said pinion, to permittherepositioning movement of the carriage independently of the movement ofthe escapement mechanism,

means for moving said pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-lctter-feed direction, means for preventing said movenlent untilthe rack and pinion are entirely disconnected, means for holding saidrack and pinion disconnected during" the entire longitudinal movement ofsaid rack controlled by said pawl, a stop for limiting said longitudinalmovement, a dog adapted to engage and hold said pawl when thus moved.'gaging with said rack, a backspace pawl adapted to.,lift-the rack outof engagement with said escapement mechanism to permit the movement ofthe carriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechanism,and means for holding the rack and pawl disengaged. I

26. In a typewriting' machine, the combination with a carriage, of arack connected to said carriage, escapement mechanism engaging with saidrack, a back-space pawl adapted to lift the rack out of engagement withsaid escapement mechanism to permit the movement of the carriageindependently ofthe movement of the es apement mechanism, means forholding the rack and pawl disengaged, and means for permitting the rackand pawl to again reengage.

i 27. In a typewriting machine, the. combination with a carriage, of'arack connected to said carriage, escapement mechanislll engaging withsaid rack, a back-space pawl adapted tq lift the rack out of engagement,

with the escapei'nent mechanism, to permit .4 0 the movement of thecarriage independently of the movement of the escapement mechalllSlll,means tor moving the pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-letterfeed direction, and a stop for limiting said longitudinalmovement.

28. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage, oixa rackconnected -to said carriage, escapement mechaulsnrengaging with saidlack, a hach-space pawl *adapted' to litt the rack out of engagementwith the escapement mechanism to permit the. movenient of the carriageindependently of the movement of the escapement mecha-' nism, n -ans formoving the pawl to move the carriage longitudinally in ananti-letterl'eed direction, aslop for limiting said longitudinalmovement, and means for retaining the carriage thushack-spaced,comprising an escapement device, ivherehy, upon operation, thowarriagemay be released to move to original position.

29. In a typewritmg machine, the combanation, with a carriage, of a rackconnectedthereto, escapement mechanism comprising a pinion, a pawladapted to lift the rack out of engagement with said pinion to permitthe movement of the carriage independently of the movement of theescapement mechanism, means for moving the pawl longitudinally in ananti-letter-feed direction,

and an escapement device to'engage and hold said pawl in back-spacedposition.

30. In a typewriting machine, the-combination with a carriage, of a rackconnected thereto, escapement mechanism comprising 31. In a typewritmgmachine, the combination with a carr1age,"of a-rack connected thereto,escapement mechanism comprising -a pinion, a pawl adapted to lift therack out of engagement w'th said pinion to permit the movement-oh hecarriage independently' of the movement of the escapement mechanism,means'fdr moving the awl longitudinally in an. anti-letter-feedirection, an auxiliary escapement device to engage and hold said pawl inback-spaced position, and means for""operating the. escapement mechanismto permit the pawl-41nd carriage to move to original position, saidauxiliary dogs, one movable relatively to the other.

32. In a typewriting machine, the combination, with a carriage, of arack connected thereto, escapement mechanism engaging with said rack, aback-space pawl adapted to disengage the rhck from the escapementmechanismv and move the 'ack-of the carriage longitudinally, and meansto" engage with said pawl, to bring into opera lion at the operation ofsaid pawl an auxiliary escapement mechanism for the carriage. p

33. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a carriage andescapement'mechanism therefor, ot' a universal bar adapted to '100escapement device comprising a plurality ofoperate said escapementmechanism, and

hack-space mechanism comprising an auxiliary escapement nechanismforthecarriage, adapted to :be operated by the universal liar.

3 In a t ype\\-'i'iti1ig machine, the combination with 'a" carriage andescapement mechanism therefor, of printingdevices, a universal baroperated by said printing devices adapted to operate. said escapementmechanism, bade-space mechanism, an anxiliary escapement mechanism forsaid carriage while under the influence of said back space mechanism,and means brought into operation by saidback-space mechanism for causingthe'universal bar, When operated by said printing devices, to 'operatesaid auxiliary escapement mechanism.

35. In a typewriting machine, the combi nation With a carriage andescapement mechanism therefordo'f printing devices, a universal baroperated by said printing devices, adapted to operate said escapementmechanism, back-space mechanism, an auxiliary escapement mechanism forsaid carriage While under the influence of said backspace mechanism,means brought into operation by said back-space mechanism for causingthe universal bar, when operated by said printing devices, to operatesaid auxiliary escapement mechanism, and means associated with saidlast-mentioned means for holding the first-named escapement mechanismagainst operation, while said carriage 15 thus back-spaced.

ARTHUR A. JOHNSON.

Witnesses JENNIE P. Tnormn, EDITH B. LIBBEY.

